The EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification is a well-regarded credential in the field of cybersecurity. It focuses on equipping professionals with the skills to think like a hacker while maintaining ethical standards. Here are some key... moreThe EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification is a well-regarded credential in the field of cybersecurity. It focuses on equipping professionals with the skills to think like a hacker while maintaining ethical standards. Here are some key points about the CEH certification:
Objectives
Understanding Attacks: Learn about various types of cyberattacks and vulnerabilities.
Tools and Techniques: Gain hands-on experience with tools used by hackers and ethical hackers alike.
Preventive Measures: Develop skills to secure networks and systems against potential threats.
Core Topics
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Scanning Networks
Gaining Access
Maintaining Access
Clearing Tracks
Cryptography
Social Engineering
Prerequisites
While there are no strict prerequisites, it's recommended to have:
Basic knowledge of networking and security.
Familiarity with operating systems, especially Linux.
Format
The CEH certification exam typically consists of 125 multiple-choice questions and lasts for about four... less
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MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight, publish-subscribe network protocol designed for connecting devices with limited bandwidth, processing power, or unreliable network conditions—making it the de facto standard for IoT communication �.
Origins and Purpose
MQTT was invented in 1999 by Andy Stanford-Clark (IBM) and Arlen Nipper (then at Eurotech/Cirrus Link) for a Phillips 66 project that needed a way to monitor oil pipelines remotely via satellite (VSAT) links with minimal bandwidth and battery drain �. It's now standardized by OASIS and recognized as ISO/IEC 20922 �.
How It Works
MQTT operates on a pub/sub model rather than direct client-to-client communication, decoupling the sender from the receiver through a central intermediary:
Publisher – a device or app that sends data (a "message") tagged to a specific topic
Broker – the server that receives published messages, filters them by topic, and routes them to interested parties �
Subscriber – a client that has registered interest in one or more topics and receives matching messages
Topics – hierarchical string labels (like folder paths) that organize message routing without publishers needing to know who's listening �
Because publishers and subscribers never talk to each other directly, MQTT scales well and each side can be added or removed without reconfiguring the rest of the system �.
Key Technical Features
Common Use Cases
MQTT is widely used for smart sensors, wearables, industrial IoT (SCADA, PLCs), home automation, and any device-to-cloud or cloud-to-device messaging scenario where bandwidth or power is constrained �. A variant called MQTT-SN adapts the protocol for non-TCP/IP networks such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and UDP �.
For hands-on work, popular open-source brokers include Eclipse Mosquitto, EMQX, and HiveMQ, and if you're experimenting with home automation or local IoT/AI infrastructure projects, MQTT pairs well with tools like Home Assistant or Node-RED for building lightweight sensor networks or automation pipelines.
